Brain Data

Brain imaging hardware

The MRI scanner is a 3 Tesla Siemens Magnetom Tim Trio (Erlangen, Germany), with a 32-channel head coil and is located at the Max Planck Dahlem Campus of Cognition (MPDCC) of the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin, Germany.

T1-weighted structural imaging

Resolution: 1 x 1 x 1 mm3
Field-of-view: 192 x 256 x 256 matrix
Duration: 9:20 minutes
TR = 2500 ms; TE = 4.77 ms; flip angle = 7°

Subjects are instructed to keep their eyes closed during the acquisition of this sequence.

Resting-state functional MRI

Resolution: 3 × 3 × 3 mm3
Field-of-view: 216 x 216 x 129 matrix
Duration: 5:08 minutes
TR = 2000 ms; TE = 30 ms; flip angle = 80°

Subjects are instructed to keep their eyes closed during the acquisition of this sequence.

Task functional MRI

Resolution: 3 × 3 × 3 mm3
Field-of-view: 216 x 216 x 129 matrix
TR = 2000 ms; TE = 30 ms; flip angle = 80°

_task-faces_proc-norm_events.tsv

Fearful Faces Task

Participants are shown several blocks of neutral and fearful faces. Some blocks contain only fearful faces, some only neutral, some in which a fearful face is shown for a short time and is then ‘masked’ with a neutral face, and some in which a neutral face is shown for a short time and then ‘masked’ by a different neutral face.

Task instruction: Im folgenden werden Sie Gesichter sehen. Bitte drücken Sie die rote Taste, sobald Sie ein rotes Kreuz in der Mitte des Bildschirms sehen. [In the following task you will see faces. Please press the red button as soon as you see a red cross in the center of the screen.]

onset

Onset of stimulus (in seconds) relative to first scanner pulse.

duration

Duration of stimulus presentation (in seconds).

trial_name

Trial classification.

Levels:

N_* Neutral face
F_* Fearful face
B_* White fixation cross
Kreuz Red fixation cross
Nullevent The white fixation cross was displayed for 9 seconds between each block of stimuli
trial_type

Trial classification.

Levels:

masked neutral face Neutral face shown for 50ms in a masked block
masked fearful face Fearful face shown for 50ms in a masked block
neutral mask Neutral face shown to mask the subliminal face stimulus in a masked block
neutral face Neutral face in an unmasked block
fearful face Fearful face in an unmasked block
fixation White fixation cross
target Red fixation cross
block

This counts the block in which the stimuli were presented. There are a total of 20 blocks, each containing 6 trials. Each block is separated by a long fixation cross, which is coded here with 0.

response

Indicates whether participants pressed the button when the red fixation cross was displayed

Levels:

0 No response
1 Responded with button press
response_time

Time it took participants to respond relative to the onset of the red fixation cross

block_type

Indicates the block condition

Levels:

1 Fearful faces only
2 Neutral faces only
3 Masked fearful faces
4 Masked neutral faces
stim_file

Filename of the stimulus shown.

id

ID of the subject.

sessionNo

This is the session number.

_task-speed_proc-norm_events.tsv

Perceptual Speed Task

In the Perceptual Speed Task, participants are asked to determine whether briefly displayed numbers are odd or even.

Task instructions: Classify the numbers: 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 into odd vs. even. Press left for ‘odd’ and right for ‘even’. Try to respond as fast as you can without making errors.

onset

Onset of stimulus (in seconds) relative to first scanner pulse.

duration

Duration of stimulus presentation (in seconds).

trial_type

Trial classification.

Levels:

even Even numbered trial: 2, 4, 6, or 8
odd Odd numbered trial: 3, 5, 7, or 9
fixation A fixation stimulus is displayed preceding each number stimulus for a jittered duration of either 0.5, 1, 1.5, or 2 seconds
mask A mask is displayed for 2 seconds immediately following the presentation of the number
baseline The mask is displayed for 16s between each stimulus block
block

This counts the block in which the stimuli were presented. There are a total of 8 blocks, each containing 16 trials. Each block is separated by a long baseline mask, which is coded here with 0.

response

Odd/even judgments for each number stimulus

Levels:

0 No response
1 odd
2 even
response_time

Time it took participants to make odd/even judgment relative to the onset of the number stimulus

stim_file

Filename of the stimulus shown. Corresponds to images found in stimuli/speed/ directory.

Levels:

Folie01.jpg fixtion stimulus
Folie02.jpg 2
Folie03.jpg 3
Folie04.jpg 4
Folie05.jpg 5
Folie06.jpg 6
Folie07.jpg 7
Folie08.jpg 8
Folie09.jpg 9
Folie10.jpg mask
id

ID of the subject.

sessionNo

This is the session number.

Quantitive multi-parameter mapping

The MPM scan with 1.3 mm isotropic resolution includes three different 3D multi-echo fast low-angle shot (FLASH) gradient-echo acquisitions (Cooper et al., 2020). These acquisitions measure magnetization transfer saturation (MT), proton density (PD), , longitudinal relaxation rate (R1 = 1/T1), and transverse relaxation rate (R2* = 1/T2*) with a FOV of 224 × 256 mm2 (matrix-size 140 × 160) and 112 partitions. In order to minimize acquisition time, parallel imaging is used in the phase-encoding direction (anterior-posterior) with a GRAPPA factor of 2, combined with a 6/8 partial Fourier acquisition in the partition direction (left-right). The readout bandwidth is 470 Hz/pixel, allowing for six echoes between 2.46 and 14.78 ms for all three acquisitions. To enable bias field correction, an RF transmit (B1+) map is acquired for all runs, with a FOV exactly matching the MPM scans at an isotropic resolution of 4 mm. The B1+ map is derived from spin-echo/stimulated echo acquisitions using a standard vendor sequence (Leutritz et al., 2020). The contrast parameters are as follows:

MT-weighted images:
TR = 37 ms
flip angle = 6°
Images are acquired with a Gaussian off-resonance RF pulse (500°, 10 ms, 1,200 Hz off-resonance, 192 Hz bandwidth) prior to non-selective excitation

Note

For certain participants, the SAR limit was exceeded when loading the MT-weighted sequence. In these cases, we adjusted the TR as recommended by the scanner.

PD-weighted images:
TR = 18 ms
flip angle = 4°

T1-weighted images:
TR = 18 ms
flip angle = 25°

Duration: 12:36 minutes

Subjects are instructed to keep their eyes closed during the acquisition of this sequence.

PD-weighted structural imaging

For hippocampal subfield measurements, a high-resolution Proton Density sequence is used.

Resolution: 0.4 x 0.4 x 2.0 mm3
Field-of-view: 165 x 60 x 206 matrix
Duration: 4:15 minutes

Subjects are instructed to keep their eyes closed during the acquisition of this sequence.

Diffusion tensor imaging

Resolution: 2 × 2 × 2 mm3
Field-of-view: 224 x 224 x 124 matrix
Duration: 16:41 minutes

Six additional images inverting the phase encoding direction were acquired without diffusion weighting; acquisition time = 1:29 minutes.

Subjects are instructed to keep their eyes closed during the acquisition of this sequence.